Effects on skin
Increases skin hydration	A double blind test was conducted to examine the effects of collagen intake on skin hydration (1). Female volunteers consumed a drink containing 10 g of collagen or placebo every day for 2 months. The increase in water absorbing capacity of the collagen-ingesting group was larger than that of the placebo group at 1 month, and the difference became larger between the collagen group and the placebo group when the test period was extended to 2 months. Morgantie et al. (2) also reported that skin hydration increased when a patient with dry skin ingested collagen.
Oral intake of collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles	114 women aged 45-65 years were randomized to receive 2.5 g of bioactive collagen peptide or placebo once daily for 8 weeks, with 57 subjects being allocated to each treatment group. Skin wrinkles were objectively measured in all subjects, before starting the treatment, after 4 and 8 weeks. The ingestion of collagen peptides promoted a significant reduction of eye wrinkle volume (p < 0.05) in comparison to the placebo group after 4 and 8 weeks. Moreover a positive long-lasting effect was observed 4 weeks after the last collagen peptides intake (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that the oral intake of collagen peptides reduced skin wrinkles. (3)
Collagen ingestion stimulates natural collagen	Orally ingested collagen stimulated cell proliferation and Hyaluronic acid synthesis in the extracellular matrix of the skin (4).
70-80% of women are able to observe the effects of collagen ingestion on the skin	A clinical test was conducted in order to examine the effects of collagen peptide ingestion on the skin of healthy females aged 40-54 years. In this placebo-controlled, double blind study, volunteers ingested a drink that did not contain collagen peptide (placebo drink), or a drink that contained 5g or 10g of collagen peptide daily for 7 weeks, without knowing which drink they were consuming. After 3 weeks and 7 weeks, a dermatologist assessed the volunteers’ facial skin condition. At 3 weeks, only 10% of the placebo group had better skin condition, while this value was 41% in the 5g collagen peptide group and 62% in the 10-g collagen peptide group. After 7 weeks, the value was 20% in the placebo group, but 81% in the 5g group and 74% in the 10g group. These results confirm that 70-80% of women are able to observe the effects of collagen ingestion on the skin (5).
Daily ingestion of collagen suppresses the skin damage	Results from a collagen study on skin damage from the sun, suggest that the daily ingestion of collagen peptide suppresses the skin damage induced by repeated UVB irradiation (6).
Higher skin elasticity and moisture after 8 weeks	A study on 69 women aged 35–55 years were randomized to receive 2.5 g or 5.0 g of Collagen or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, skin elasticity in both Collagen dosage groups showed significant improvements in comparison to placebo. After 4 weeks significantly higher skin elasticity level was determined in elderly women, skin moisture and skin evaporation also had a positive influence (7).
Sun damaged skin showed significant improvements	A study on the effects of a marine formulation on sun damaged skin in women aged 40 – 60 years, showed significant improvements in skin condition in the actively treated group but not in the placebo group. Epidermal thickness increased after 90 days from 0.11 mm to 0.29 mm, dermal thickness from 0.74 mm to 1.39 mm, skin elasticity from 44% to 73% (8).
Targets skin care concerns	Fine lines, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity are symptoms commonly associated with ageing skin. Accumulated environmental exposure and a natural decrease in cell renewal contribute to other signs less often associated with ageing: dull, rough, or dry skin. Targeting these skin care concerns can dramatically improve the youthful, healthy appearance of skin. Maintaining the amount of collagen is the key to beautiful skin. Glycine, proline, alanine and hydroxyproline are the main constituents of collagen; replenishing these constituent amino acids appears to be needed to maintain the amount of collagen at healthy levels and thus prevent skin ageing (9).
Effects on hair & nails
Thickness of hair increases significantly	The main component of hair is keratin. Scala et al. (10) investigated the effects of collagen ingestion on growth and thickness of hair. They found that the thickness of hair increased significantly after collagen ingestion for 62 days, and more pulling force was required to break the thickened hair. The increase in hair thickness was more evident in women than in men, possibly because the initial thickness was smaller in women. Hair thickness returned to initial size when collagen ingestion stopped.
Increases activity of hair follicles	A study by the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Milan, Italy, showed that the activity of hair follicles was – directly or indirectly – increased by the consumption of collagen. Results taken from patients after a three-month treatment showed an increase in hair diameter of up to 49% in some cases, with an average increase of 35% (11).
Increases the hardness of fingernails	Results of a study on men and women aged 18-50, showed significant increases in the hardness of fingernails and improved nail defects in normal subjects (12).
Improves nail defects	Rosenberg et al. (13) showed that ingestion of collagen improved nail defects; they administered 7g of collagen daily and found that nail defects were improved in 43 of 50 patients (86%) . It was also reported that the cessation of collage ingestion resulted in the reappearance of nail defects. Schwimmer et al. (14) also reported improvements in nail defects in 80% of patients after ingestion of collagen peptide.

Effects on joints and bones
Collagen peptides show positive effects on joint pains (Osteoarthritis)	In a randomized double-blind study 250 subjects with primary osteoarthritis of the knee were given 10g Collagen daily for 6 months. There was a significant improvement in knee joint comfort. Subjects with the greatest joint deterioration benefited most (15).
Reduce joint pain	A 24 week study on joint pain in athletes who were treated with the collagen supplement showed improvement of joint pain, support of joint health and reduce the risk of joint deterioration in a high-risk group (16).

Marine Collagen Peptide's effect on Type II Diabetes

References:

1) Sumida E et al., The effect of oral ingestion of collagen peptide on skin hydration and biochemical data of blood . J Nutr Food 7:45-52 (2004)

2) Morganti P et al., Oral Treatment Of Skin Dryness. Cosmet Toilet 103:77-80(1988)

3) Proksch E et al., Oral Intake of Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides Reduces Skin Wrinkles and Increases Dermal Matrix Synthesis (2014)

4) Ohara H et al. (2010) Collagen-derived dipeptide, proline-hydroxyproline, stimulates cell proliferation and hyaluronic acid synthesis in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. The Journal of Dermatology Volume 37, Issue 4, pages 330–338.

5) Koyama. Effects of collagen peptide ingestion on the skin. Shokuhin-To-Kaihatsu 44:10-12 (2009) (in Japanese).

6) Tanaka et al. Effects of collagen peptide ingestion on UV-B-induced skin damage. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 73:930-932 (2009).

7) Proksch et al. (2014) Oral Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Has beneficial Effects on Human Skin Physiology: A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:47:47 – 55

8) Eskelinin, A. and Santalahti, J. (1992) Special Natural cartilage polysaccharides for the treatment of sun-damaged skin in females. J Int Med Res; 20(2): 99 – 105

9) Rousselot Publication, 2009. Hydrolyzed Collagen and Skin Health 2009 clinical studies results.

10) Scala J et al., Effect of daily gelatin ingestion on human scalp hair..Nutr Rep Int 13:579- 592 (1976)

11) Morganti P, Randazzo S, Bruno C: Oral treatment of skin dryness. Cosmet Toilet. 103 (1988) 77-80

12) Michaelson J and Huntsman D; (1963). Effects of Gelatin on Fingernails. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists.

13) Rosenberg S et al., further studies in the use of gelatin in the treatment of brittle nails. Arch Dermat & Syph 76:330-335(1957)

14) Schwimmer M Mulinos MG Salutary effects of gelatin on nail effects in normal subjects.Antibiotic Med Clin Ther 4:403-407 (1957)

15) Benito-Ruiz P et al. (2009) Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of a food ingredient, collagen hydrolysate, for improving joint comfort. Int J Food Sci Nutr; 60 Suppl 2:99-113.

16) Clark KL et al. (2008) 24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain. Current Medical Research and Opinion Vol. 24, No. 5, 2008, 1485–1496

17) Cui-Feng Zhu et al. Therapeutic Effects of Marine Collagen Peptides on Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Primary Hypertension